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<instructionsection id="LDAXRB" title="LDAXRB -- A64" type="instruction">
  <docvars>
    <docvar key="address-form" value="base-register"/>
    <docvar key="address-form-reg-type" value="base-register-32-reg"/>
    <docvar key="atomic-ops" value="LDAXRB-32-reg"/>
    <docvar key="instr-class" value="general"/>
    <docvar key="isa" value="A64"/>
    <docvar key="mnemonic" value="LDAXRB"/>
    <docvar key="reg-type" value="32-reg"/>
  </docvars>
  <heading>LDAXRB</heading>
  <desc>
    <brief>
      <para>Load-acquire exclusive register byte</para>
    </brief>
    <authored>
      <para>This instruction derives an address from a base register
value, loads a byte from memory, zero-extends it and writes it to
a register. The memory access is atomic.
The PE marks the physical address being accessed as an exclusive access.
This exclusive access mark is checked by Store Exclusive instructions. See
<xref linkend="ARMARM_Chdcgdja">Synchronization and semaphores</xref>.</para>
      <para>If the destination register is not one of <value>WZR</value> or <value>XZR</value>, <instruction>LDAXRB</instruction> loads from memory with Acquire semantics.</para>
      <para>For more information about memory ordering semantics, see <xref linkend="ARMARM_BEIHCHEF">Load-Acquire, Load-AcquirePC, and Store-Release</xref>.</para>
      <para>For information about addressing modes, see
<xref linkend="ARMARM_CHDIIIBB">Load/Store addressing modes</xref>.</para>
    </authored>
  </desc>
  <operationalnotes>
    <operationalnote>
      <operationalnote_content>
        <para>This instruction is a data-independent-time instruction as described in <xref linkend="ARMARM_BEICCDDAB3">About PSTATE.DIT</xref>.</para>
      </operationalnote_content>
    </operationalnote>
  </operationalnotes>
  <alias_list howmany="0"/>
  <classes>
    <iclass name="No offset" oneof="1" id="iclass_no_offset" no_encodings="1" isa="A64">
      <docvars>
        <docvar key="address-form" value="base-register"/>
        <docvar key="address-form-reg-type" value="base-register-32-reg"/>
        <docvar key="atomic-ops" value="LDAXRB-32-reg"/>
        <docvar key="instr-class" value="general"/>
        <docvar key="isa" value="A64"/>
        <docvar key="mnemonic" value="LDAXRB"/>
        <docvar key="reg-type" value="32-reg"/>
      </docvars>
      <iclassintro count="1"/>
      <regdiagram form="32" psname="A64.ldst.ldstexclr.LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" tworows="1">
        <box hibit="31" width="2" name="size" usename="1" settings="2" psbits="xx">
          <c>0</c>
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="29" width="2" settings="2">
          <c>0</c>
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="27" width="1" settings="1">
          <c>1</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="26" width="1" settings="1">
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="25" width="1" settings="1">
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="24" width="2" settings="2">
          <c>0</c>
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="22" name="L" usename="1" settings="1" psbits="x">
          <c>1</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="21" width="1" settings="1">
          <c>0</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="20" width="5" name="Rs" usename="1" settings="5" psbits="xxxxx">
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="15" name="o0" usename="1" settings="1" psbits="x">
          <c>1</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="14" width="5" name="Rt2" usename="1" settings="5" psbits="xxxxx">
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
          <c>(1)</c>
        </box>
        <box hibit="9" width="5" name="Rn" usename="1">
          <c colspan="5"/>
        </box>
        <box hibit="4" width="5" name="Rt" usename="1">
          <c colspan="5"/>
        </box>
      </regdiagram>
      <encoding name="LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" oneofinclass="1" oneof="1" label="">
        <docvars>
          <docvar key="instr-class" value="general"/>
          <docvar key="isa" value="A64"/>
          <docvar key="address-form" value="base-register"/>
          <docvar key="address-form-reg-type" value="base-register-32-reg"/>
          <docvar key="atomic-ops" value="LDAXRB-32-reg"/>
          <docvar key="reg-type" value="32-reg"/>
          <docvar key="mnemonic" value="LDAXRB"/>
        </docvars>
        <asmtemplate><text>LDAXRB  </text><a hover="Is the 32-bit name of the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the &quot;Rt&quot; field." link="WtOrWZR__4">&lt;Wt&gt;</a><text>, [</text><a hover="Is the 64-bit name of the general-purpose base register or stack pointer, encoded in the &quot;Rn&quot; field." link="XnSP_option">&lt;Xn|SP&gt;</a><text>{, #0}]</text></asmtemplate>
      </encoding>
      <ps_section howmany="1">
        <ps name="A64.ldst.ldstexclr.LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" sections="1" secttype="noheading">
          <pstext mayhavelinks="1" section="Decode" rep_section="decode">let t : integer{} = UInt(Rt);
let n : integer{} = UInt(Rn);

let acqrel : boolean = t != 31;
let tagchecked : boolean = n != 31;
</pstext></ps>
      </ps_section>
    </iclass>
  </classes>
  <explanations scope="all">
    <explanation enclist="LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" symboldefcount="1">
      <symbol link="WtOrWZR__4">&lt;Wt&gt;</symbol>
      <account encodedin="Rt">
        <intro>
          <para>Is the 32-bit name of the general-purpose register to be transferred, encoded in the "Rt" field.</para>
        </intro>
      </account>
    </explanation>
    <explanation enclist="LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" symboldefcount="1">
      <symbol link="XnSP_option">&lt;Xn|SP&gt;</symbol>
      <account encodedin="Rn">
        <intro>
          <para>Is the 64-bit name of the general-purpose base register or stack pointer, encoded in the "Rn" field.</para>
        </intro>
      </account>
    </explanation>
  </explanations>
  <ps_section howmany="1">
    <ps name="A64.ldst.ldstexclr.LDAXRB_LR32_ldstexclr" sections="1" secttype="Operation">
      <pstext mayhavelinks="1" section="Execute" rep_section="execute">var address : bits(64);
var data : bits(8);

let privileged : boolean = PSTATE.EL != EL0;
let accdesc : AccessDescriptor = CreateAccDescExLDST(MemOp_LOAD, acqrel, tagchecked,
                                                     privileged, t);

if n == 31 then
    CheckSPAlignment();
    address = SP{64}();
else
    address = X{64}(n);
end;

AArch64_SetExclusiveMonitors(address, 1, accdesc);

data = Mem{8}(address, accdesc);
X{32}(t) = ZeroExtend{32}(data);</pstext></ps>
  </ps_section>
  <timestamp>2026-03-12 12:23:09</timestamp>
  <commit_id>2025-09_rel_asl1</commit_id>
</instructionsection>
