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MUL, MULS -- AArch32

MUL, MULS

Multiply multiplies two register values. The least significant 32 bits of the result are written to the destination register. These 32 bits do not depend on whether the source register values are considered to be signed values or unsigned values.

Optionally, it can update the condition flags based on the result. In the T32 instruction set, this option is limited to only a few forms of the instruction. Use of this option adversely affects performance on many implementations.

It has encodings from the following instruction sets: A32 ( A1 ) and T32 ( T1 and T2 ) .

A1

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210
!= 11110000000SRd(0)(0)(0)(0)Rm1001Rn
condopcRdLo

Encoding for the Flag setting variant

Applies when (S == 1)

MULS{<c>}{<q>} <Rd>, <Rn>{, <Rm>}

Encoding for the Not flag setting variant

Applies when (S == 0)

MUL{<c>}{<q>} <Rd>, <Rn>{, <Rm>}

Decode for all variants of this encoding

let d : integer = UInt(Rd); let n : integer = UInt(Rn); let m : integer = UInt(Rm); let setflags : boolean = (S == '1'); if d == 15 || n == 15 || m == 15 then UnpredictableProcedure(); end;

T1

1514131211109876543210
0100001101RnRdm
op

Encoding

MUL<c>{<q>} <Rdm>, <Rn>{, <Rdm>} // (InITBlock())

MULS{<q>} <Rdm>, <Rn>{, <Rdm>} // (Outside IT block)

Decode for this encoding

let d : integer = UInt(Rdm); let n : integer = UInt(Rn); let m : integer = UInt(Rdm); let setflags : boolean = !InITBlock();

T2

15141312111098765432101514131211109876543210
111110110000Rn1111Rd0000Rm
op1Raop2

Encoding

MUL{<c>}{<q>} <Rd>, <Rn>{, <Rm>}

MUL<c>.W <Rd>, <Rn>{, <Rm>} // (Inside IT block, and <Rd>, <Rn>, <Rm> can be represented in T1)

Decode for this encoding

let d : integer = UInt(Rd); let n : integer = UInt(Rn); let m : integer = UInt(Rm); let setflags : boolean = FALSE; // Armv8-A removes UNPREDICTABLE for R13 if d == 15 || n == 15 || m == 15 then UnpredictableProcedure(); end;

For more information about the CONSTRAINED UNPREDICTABLE behavior of this instruction, see Architectural Constraints on UNPREDICTABLE behaviors.

Assembler Symbols

<c>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<q>

See Standard assembler syntax fields.

<Rd>

Is the general-purpose destination register, encoded in the "Rd" field.

<Rn>

Is the first general-purpose source register holding the multiplicand, encoded in the "Rn" field.

<Rm>

Is the second general-purpose source register holding the multiplier, encoded in the "Rm" field. If omitted, <Rd> is used.

<Rdm>

Is the second general-purpose source register holding the multiplier and the destination register, encoded in the "Rdm" field.

Operation

if ConditionPassed() then EncodingSpecificOperations(); let operand1 : integer = SInt(R(n)); // operand1 = UInt(R[n]) produces the same final results let operand2 : integer = SInt(R(m)); // operand2 = UInt(R[m]) produces the same final results let result : integer = operand1 * operand2; R(d) = result[31:0]; if setflags then PSTATE.N = result[31]; PSTATE.Z = IsZeroBit{32}(result[31:0]); // PSTATE.C, PSTATE.V unchanged end; end;

Operational information

This instruction is a data-independent-time instruction as described in About the DIT bit.


2025-09_rel_asl1 2026-03-12 12:57:38

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